RESUMO: Das pastagens naturais cultivadas no sul do Brasil, as do gênero Paspalum são as mais importantes. Um dos fatores que dificultam o cultivo é a disponibilidade de sementes de qualidade, muitas vezes comprometidas pela presença de fungos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a sensibilidade in vitro de fungos associados a sementes de Paspalum guenoarum ecótipo azulão a determinados fungicidas, medir a eficiência de tratamentos químicos para controle desses fungos e o desempenho fisiológico das sementes. Os fungos associados às sementes, Bipolaris micropus, Epicoccum sorghinum, Curvularia geniculata e Fusarium incarnatum foram testados in vitro contra Carbendazim; Tiram, Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M, Carboxina; Tiram e Tiofanato-metílico em 0, 1, 2,5, 5, 10 e 30 µg/mL. Este experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (fatorial 4 × 4 × 6). As variáveis qualitativas foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P ≤ 0,05) e as variáveis quantitativas foram submetidas à análise de regressão. Carbendazim; Tiram e Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M tiveram os melhores desempenhos fungicidas, cada um inibindo três dos quatro fungos com LD50 abaixo de 1 µg/mL. Posteriormente, esses dois fungicidas foram utilizados isoladamente ou em combinação no teste in vivo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). O tratamento químico das sementes resultou na melhoria de cinco dos seis parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados. A identificação dos fungos primários associados às sementes de Paspalum relatadas neste trabalho, bem como os danos causados por eles, podem ser diminuídos usando medidas apropriadas, como tratamento de sementes.

ABSTRACT: Of the natural pastures grown in southern Brazil, those of the genus Paspalum are the most important. One of the factors that hinder their cultivation is the availability of quality seeds, that are often compromised by the presence of fungi. This study determined the in vitro sensitivity of Paspalum guenoarum ecotype azulão seed-associated fungus to certain fungicides and to measure the efficiency of chemical treatments for fungal control and seed physiological performance. Bipolaris micropus, Epicoccum sorghinum, Curvularia geniculata and Fusarium incarnatum associated with seeds were tested in vitro against Carbendazim; Tiram, Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M, Carboxina; Tiram and Tiofanato-metílico at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 30 µg/mL. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (factorial 4 × 4 × 6). Qualitative variables were compared using the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05) and quantitative variables were subjected to regression analysis. Carbendazim; Tiram and Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M had the best fungicidal performances, each inhibiting three of the four fungi with LD50s below 1 µg/mL. Subsequently, these two fungicides were used alone or in combination in the in vivo test. A completely randomized design was used and the means were compared using the Tukey test (P < 0.05). The chemical treatment of the seeds resulted in improvement of five of the six evaluated physiological parameters. The identification of the primary fungi associated with Paspalum seeds reported in this research, as well as damage done to them, can be diminished using appropriate measures such as seed treatments.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the variability and expression of the components of seed yield in twenty-three apomictic Paspalum plicatulum × Paspalum lepton hybrids and two male parent plants (P. lepton). We used a randomized block design with genotypes individually arranged into ten blocks. The variables were: number of total tillers/plant, number of vegetative tillers/plant, number of reproductive tillers/plant, percentage of reproductive tillers, number of racemes/inflorescence, number of seeds/inflorescence, weight of a thousand seeds, and seed yield. We assessed genetic variability using multivariate procedures: generalized Mahalanobis distance, Tocher's clustering optimization method, and quantification of the relative contribution of the variables. The quantification of variability, based on the components of seed yield of Paspalum plicatulum × Paspalum lepton hybrids, allows the formation of six groups of genotypes using Tocher's method, with high means for the characteristics studied. Weight of a thousand seeds and number of seeds/inflorescence were the traits that most contributed to the genetic dissimilarity. Genetic crosses involving genotype 10E5052 from group VI and 10E4071 from group V could be undertaken to isolate high yielding segregants, since these genotypes have high seed yielding potential.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, com e sem solução de NaCl, na predição da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de cornichão (Lotus corniculatus L.). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, foram utilizados dez lotes de sementes submetidos a três períodos de condicionamento (24, 48 e 72 h, a 41 ºC). A caracterização fisiológica dos lotes consistiu na determinação do teor de água (antes e depois do envelhecimento acelerado), germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, emergência de plântulas e teste de sanidade de sementes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. As metodologias de envelhecimento acelerado com solução salina e solução saturada de NaCl, condicionadas por 48 h, correlacionaram-se com o teste de emergência de plântulas (0,52 e 0,69, respectivamente), permitindo a predição da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cornichão. A utilização de solução saturada durante 48 h diminui a incidência de fungos. O método tradicional não é recomendado por proporcionar variação do teor de água entre as amostras, superior ao tolerável.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accelerated aging test, with and without NaCl solution, predicting the physiological health and quality of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) seed. The experimental design was completely randomized. Ten seed lots were submitted to three conditioning periods (24, 48 and 72 h at 41 ºC). The physiological characterization of the lots was the determination of water content (before and after accelerated aging), germination, first germination count, germination speed index, seedling emergence and seed health test. The data were submitted to variance analyze and the averages were compared by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability. The accelerated aging methodologies with saline solution and saturated NaCl solution, conditioned for 48 h, were correlated with seedling emergence test (0.52 and 0.69, respectively), allowing the prediction of physiological quality of birdsfoot trefoil seeds. The use of saturated solution for 48 h decreases incidence of fungi. The traditional method is not suitable because it provides water content variation between samples above the tolerable.